Timbuktu, the fabled city nestled in the heart of Mali

Timbuktu, the fabled city nestled in the heart of Mali, stands as a symbol of Africa’s rich historical tapestry. Beyond its golden age as a bustling trade center, Timbuktu holds an extraordinary treasure trove – thousands of ancient manuscripts that whisper tales of intellectual brilliance, cultural exchange, and the pursuit of knowledge. In this article, we embark on a journey through time, exploring the significance of Timbuktu’s manuscripts, their diverse subjects, preservation challenges, and ongoing efforts to safeguard these invaluable artifacts.

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This is WANTOK KIWI: Book Flights Tickets and Pay Locally in PNG Kina, Vanuatu Vatu, Fijian Dollar, Solomon Islands Dollar and Indonesian Rupiahs

A local company located in Port Moresby suburb, the capital city of Papua New Guinea, named PAPUAmart.com Limited presents to you various products specifically designed for ALL WANTOKS across Melanesian Archipelago in the South Pacific Islands region. PAPUAmart.com Limited provides three areas of business opportunities for all Melanesian Peoples: The first one is for all Melanesians to buy Airline Tickets cheaply and directly, from your own mobile phones or computers , and the vouchers are delivered directly to you through your email address or mobile phone numbers. The second opportunity is for all Melanesians to buy your Melanesian-Specific Domain Names and then host for FREE with us . Melanesian-Specific Domains means the names of individuals, families, clans, islands, villages and organisations in from Melanesia, and particularly in Melanesian languages. The third opportunity is to own, develop and run retail business where you can sell local products to local, r...

AFRICAN AMERICAN FIRSTS - MOSES FLEETWOOD WALKER (1857-1924)

Moses Fleetwood Walker, often called Fleet, was the first African American to play major league baseball in the nineteenth century. Born October 7, 1857, in Mount Pleasant, Ohio, Walker was the fifth of six children born to parents, Dr. Moses W. Walker, a physician, and Caroline Walker, a midwife. Oberlin College admitted Walker for the fall 1878 semester. In 1881, he played in all five games of the new varsity baseball team at Oberlin. Before the end of the year, however, Walker left Oberlin to play baseball for the University of Michigan. In July 1882, Walker married Bella Taylor and the couple had three children. Fleetwood Walker was able to earn money as a catcher. He played individual games for the White Sewing Machine Company of Cleveland (August 1881), the New Castle (Pennsylvania) Neshannocks (1882), and with the Toledo Blue Stockings of the Northwestern League (1883). In August 1883, Adrian “Cap” Anson, manager of the Chicago (Illinois) White Stockings, stated his ...

December 1, 1933 - Louis Allen "Lou" Raw

A FLASH BLACK MOMENT IN HISTORY: December 1, 1933 - Louis Allen "Lou" Rawls was a Black American recording artist, voice actor, songwriter, and record producer was born in Chicago, IL, on this date in 1933. He is best known for his singing ability: Frank Sinatra once said that Rawls had "the classiest singing and silkiest chops in the singing game". Rawls released more than 60 albums, sold more than 40 million records, and had numerous charting singles, most notably his song "You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine". He worked as a television, motion picture, and voice actor. He was also a three-time Grammy-winner, all for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance. He began singing in the Greater Mount Olive Baptist Church choir at the age of seven and later sang with local groups through which he met future music stars Sam Cooke, who was nearly three years older than Rawls, and Curtis Mayfield. After graduating from Chicago's Dunbar Vocat...

OLDEST HUMAN EVER FOUND IN KEMET

A new study pieces together the face of a 35,000-year-old man, whose remains were discovered in Egypt's Nile Valley in 1980… Anthropological analysis revealed that the man was between 17 and 29 years old when he died, stood approximately 5 feet, 3 inches (160 centimeters) tall and was of African ancestry… The skeleton is the oldest example of Homo sapiens remains found in Egypt and one of the oldest in the world… SOURCE; (https://ortogonline-com.translate.goog/doc/pt_br/OrtogOnLineMag/6/NazletKhater2.html?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=pt&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=pt-BR&_x_tr_pto=wapp) E1b1b and J are the dominant haplogroups among modern Egyptians… (“J” comes from Arabs and Ottoman Turks) E1b1b is the dominant haplogroup among Somalis… Sanchez et al. (2005) observed E1b1b in about 77.6% of their Somali male samples… SOURCE; (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15756297/) “Egyptian tradition of the Dynastic Period held that the aboriginal home of the Egyptians was Punt” SOURCE; (Si...

Half of all U.S. states, specifically 25, have names that originate from Native American languages

Half of all U.S. states, specifically 25, have names that originate from Native American languages or have Native American origins. These names reflect the rich history and cultural heritage of the Indigenous peoples who inhabited these lands before European colonization. The states with Native American names include: 1. Alabama - Derived from the Alabama tribe, a Muskogean-speaking people. 2. Alaska - Derived from the Aleut word "alaxsxaq" or "agunalaksh," meaning "the mainland" or "great land." 3. Arizona - Derived from the O'odham word "Alĭ ṣonak," meaning "small spring" or "place of the small spring." 4. Arkansas - Derived from the French interpretation of the name given to the Quapaw people, a tribe living along the Arkansas River. 5. Connecticut - Derived from the Mohegan-Pequot word "quinatucquet," meaning "long tidal river" or "beside the long, tidal river." 6. De...

THE UNIVERSITY OF SANKORE, TIMBUKTU

The historic city of Timbuktu in Mali, recognised for its profound scholarly heritage, harbours the remnants of one of the world's earliest centres of learning, the University of Sankore. Established in the 1200s AD, this university was a beacon of knowledge, housing an extensive collection of manuscripts. These manuscripts, predominantly inscribed in Ajami—a writing system that employs Arabic script to transcribe African languages, with Hausa being a notable example—serve as a testament to the rich intellectual traditions of the region. As the centuries progressed, from the 1300s through to the 1800s AD, Timbuktu experienced the arrival and, in some cases, the colonisation by Europeans and West Asians. This period marked a turning point for the preservation of the manuscripts. The Malian custodians of this knowledge, acutely aware of the potential risk of destruction or expropriation by foreign invaders—a fate that befell numerous other texts across the African contine...

JIENG (DINKA) AND ITS SECTIONS WITH SUBSECTIONS

1. 1. Rek Amou Marol 2. Padang Ayuel Jiel 3. Twic 4. Agaar Speaking groups 5. Bor The sections of Jieng Rek Rek is the largest Dinka section composed of 57 Subsections or cheifdoms found in 3 States of War Keu aka Bahr El Gahzal (Wau, Aweil, Warrap) 1. Aguok Mou Akeen 2. Apuk Giir Thiik 3. Awan Chan and Awan Mou 3. Malual Gier-Nyang 4. Wuot Tonj (19 chiefdoms of Tonj) 5. Marial Baai aka Marial Wau 6. Kuach Ayok The sections of Jieng Padang 1. Ngok Lual Yak-Baliet County 2. Ngok Deng Kuol-Abyei Administrative Area 3. Luacjang aka Luac Aguer Adeel ( in Tonj) 4. Luackoth 5. Nyarweng of Duk Payuel 6. Dongjol-Akoka County 7. Nyiel-Malut County 8. Ageer 9. Paweny Atar 10. Alor Kur Kuot-Abiemnhom County 11. Panaruu of Panriang County 12. Abaliang-Renk County 13. Marbeek (Rut, Thoi, Alual) The sections of AGaar Speaking Group were wrongly identified by their close brothers of Rek of Warrap and Malual of Aweil......

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